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Nina Kraus
Nina Kraus is a Professor at Northwestern University, investigating the
neural encoding of speech and music and its plasticity. Her research
examines the neural encoding of sound in the normal system, how it is
disrupted in clinical populations, and how it reacts to differing
levels of expertise. For individuals with speech and language disorders
(reading, auditory processing disorder, autism), the neural encoding of
speech can provide a biological marker of deficient sound encoding,
while the musician’s brain illustrates how extensive auditory expertise
can enhance sensory-cognitive interactions. Investigations on brain
plasticity are aimed at improving speech perception and auditory
learning in normal and clinical populations. As a result of the
Listening, Learning and the Brain Project, a research study funded by
the National Institutes of Health, the Kraus Lab has developed an
objective and non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of physiological
disorders in auditory processing, a method now widely known as BioMARK
(Biological Marker of Auditory Processing, formerly known as BioMAP).
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Some interesting search results:
ScienceDirect - Trends in Cognitive Sciences :
Music acquisition: effects of enculturation and formal training on
development
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364661307002410
Musical structure is complex, consisting of a small set of elements
that combine to form hierarchical levels of pitch and temporal
structure according to grammatical rules. As with language, different
systems use different elements and rules for combination. Drawing on
recent findings, we propose that music acquisition begins with basic
features, such as peripheral frequency-coding mechanisms and
multisensory timing connections, and proceeds through enculturation,
whereby everyday exposure to a particular music system creates, in a
systematic order of acquisition, culture-specific brain structures and
representations. Finally, we propose that formal musical training
invokes domain-specific processes that affect salience of musical input
and the amount of cortical tissue devoted to its processing, as well as
domain-general processes of attention and executive functioning.
This study evaluated the relationship between primitive and
scheme-driven grouping (A. S. Bregman, 1990) by comparing the ability
of different listeners to detect single note changes in 3-voice musical
compositions. Primitive grouping was manipulated by the use of 2
distinctly different compositional styles (homophony and polyphony).
The effects of scheme-driven processes were tested by comparing
performance of 2 groups of listeners (musicians and nonmusicians) and
by varying task demands (integrative and selective listening).
Following previous studies, which had tested only musically trained
participants, several variables were manipulated within each
compositional style. The results indicated that, although musicians
demonstrated a higher sensitivity to changes than did nonmusicians, the
2 groups exhibited similar patterns of sensitivity under a variety of
conditions.
Music of the
Hemispheres |
Senses | DISCOVER Magazine
http://discovermagazine.com/1996/oct/musicofthehemisp895
We think there really isn't that much difference between the
way we perceive language and the way
absolute-pitch musicians perceive tones, says Schlaug. What is probably
different is the degree to which they
apply this analytic skill to a musical
task.
On some level language and music lay claim to separate
domains, but there are apparently shared
cerebral circuits as well. What is the
evolutionary relationship between these two distinctive human traits?
Did music emerge from language, or was it
the reverse? Charles Darwin believed that
music arose as an elaboration of mating calls, protohuman males
and females endeavoring to charm each
other with musical notes and rhythm. Zatorre, for one, thinks this
might be putting the musical cart before
the verbal horse.
How Mozart K448 can increase your IQ -- Listen &
Try | Smart-Kit
Puzzles and Games
http://www.smart-kit.com/s245/how-the-amazing-mozart-k448-can-increase-your-iq-listen-now/
Well as a novice pianist myself at the at the tender age of 15,I also
have seen and experienced the greatness of music as a whole and its
effect on the mental state of a human.In my own examinations and
academic study I have benefitted from practising and listening to
classical.This post here I must say is as close to the truth as ever
beore Mozart's music truly does have a profound and significant effect
on the brain in conjunction with the playing of a musical instrument.
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image from Wikimedia
image from Wikimedia