Two Masterworks: "The Art of Fugue" by J. S. Bach and the Opera "Moses and Aaron" by Arnold Schoenberg

by

Mehmet Okonsar



Discography by Mehmet Okonsar



J.S. Bach "Die Kunst der Fuge"
All CD's available at amazon.com and (partly) at cdbaby.com

The Art Of Fugue BWV 1080 By Johann Sebastian Bach

Brief introduction to one greatest work of art in the music history. The summit of the Fugue form in music by J. S. Bach.



J.S. Bach "Musikalische Opfer"



F. Liszt: "modern" works


J.S. Bach "Well-tempered Clavier"


Recital: "Live at Salt Lake City"


J.S. Bach The Goldberg Variations


Piano Solo Improvisations: "Shadowy Arcade"

All CD's can be auditioned entirely and freely at their respective pages. Click on the images.


The skill of Fugue is really a summing up, a "precis" not just of numerous technical compositions but of the compositional approach which, through the mid-1700s, have been honed over three centuries.

Polyphony: the dynamic interplay of melodic voices, provided a technical means towards a larger composition. Namely, a bit of music ought to be organic it will achieve oneness via a dense web of internal connections.

Contrapuntal possibities ought to be investigated fully, like a music performer's way to work continuously at perfecting oneself and also the practiced work. The skill of writing a fugue, several actions which Bach modified and broadened through the years, presents a classic model.

This is really as much a mysterious, because it is a piece of musical genius.

Considering the fact that it is unlikely ever to become to a definitive understanding of Bach's intentions, not to mention the means by which it ought to be understood, it appears reasonable that you should be urged with as open a mind as you possibly can for the job.

Newest research would often indicate that the pieces were written for harpsichord but because it so clearly works as well on any keyboard instrument, without mention of the chamber music ensembles, a new release, if bringing a new perspective, will certainly be welcomed.

Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach describes the masterpiece as being the perfect illustration of applied fugal technique.

In 1774 J. Ph. Kirnberger authored, "the skill of Fugue is much more difficult within the entire science of arrangements, each one of the four voices haven't only its fluent melody, all of them must have an uniform character. That is maintained to ensure that within their union, just one perfect whole is produced."

In early years this type of composition was considered by many people like a mathematical thing of beauty and it is passion for students and music artists keep growing.

Throughout the Classical era, the fugue was no more a central as well as fully natural mode of musical composition, despite the fact that canonic imitation was part, not just of musical education, but from the play that composer's used to find musical ideas.

Nonetheless, the three finest composers from the Classical era, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, had periods of their careers in which they are, in a certain sense, "discovered" fugal writing and tried on the extender frequently within their work.

Max Reger had the nearest association using the fugue among composers of this late-romantic era. A lot of his works for organ incorporates or just are fugues. A couple of Reger's most-performed orchestral works finish by having a large-scale orchestral fugue.

Twentieth-century composers introduced fugue into their position of prominence, recognizing its uses in entirely instrumental works, its importance in development and opening sections, and also the developmental abilities of fugal composition.

Igor Stravinsky also incorporated fugues into his works, such as the "Symphony of Psalms". Stravinsky recognized the compositional techniques of Bach, as well as in the second movement of his "Symphony of Psalms" he displays a fugue that's similar to those of the Baroque era. It utilizes a double fugue with two distinct subjects, the very first from C and also the second in E. Techniques, for example "stretto", sequencing, and using subject "incipits" are often heard within the movement.

Counterpoint is definitely an ancient way by which everyone is singing or playing a tune simultaneously, as opposed to the more contemporary idea of merely one accompaniment and melody.

Counterpoint is the skill of juxtaposing tunes to ensure that rather than getting into one another's way, they complement each other making good harmony together. Every music student will explain, counterpoint is damned tough to write, and also the needs of fugue only allow it to be harder.

In music, a fugue is a kind of piece designed in counterpoint form or manner for many independent musical voices. A fugue starts using its subject (a short musical theme) mentioned by among the voices playing alone. Another voice then makes its way into and plays the topic, as the first voice proceeds having a contrapuntal accompaniment. Then your remaining voices similarly enter one by one. The rest of the fugue further evolves the fabric using all the voices.

Bach's final work, The Art of Fugue (BWV1080) is all about as abstract as music could possibly get.

Written without any instrumentation, no particular order, with no "ending" in a usual sense, it appears to exist outdoors of space and time, and it is ultimately anything you want so that it is. Even though string quartet was a mystery ensemble to Bach, the character from the piece indicates that trying to create a superficially "authentic" performance is really a relatively low priority.





Usage rights:

You can use this article under the Creative Commons License CC-BY. This license lets you distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon my work, even commercially, as long as you credit me, by displaying the information on me given below verbatim for the original article.


Mehmet Okonsar is a pianist-composer-conductor and musicologist. Besides his international concert carrier he is a prolific writer. Founder of the first classical music-musicology dedicated blog-site: "inventor-musicae" as well as the first classical-music video portal: "classical videos".



Discography by Mehmet Okonsar



J.S. Bach "Die Kunst der Fuge"
All CD's available at amazon.com and (partly) at cdbaby.com

Arnold Schoenberg's Opera: "Moses and Aaron"

Introduction to Schoenberg's unfinished, highly interesting opera and the atonal music master's incursion into religious music.



J.S. Bach "Musikalische Opfer"



F. Liszt: "modern" works


J.S. Bach "Well-tempered Clavier"


Recital: "Live at Salt Lake City"


J.S. Bach The Goldberg Variations


Piano Solo Improvisations: "Shadowy Arcade"

All CD's can be auditioned entirely and freely at their respective pages. Click on the images.


Arnold Schoenberg is among the pioneers of "12 Tone" compositional technique. The majority of the music we hear has one observe that can serve as "home base" for that genre.

It is an essential point, and enables the relaxation from the music to resolve, or seem finished.

In "12 tone" music all of the notes have equal importance so, in a nutshell, it may sound strange. The style of Arnold Schoenberg is frequently considered the avant-garde antithesis towards the neo-classicism of Stravinsky.

While both composers averted in the expression from the 1800s, a creative approach now seen as extravagant and corpulent, they chose to do this in opposing manners. Stravinsky required formerly existing tonal material and presented it in a way that was impersonal and objective, therefore showing similar material inside a new refreshing style with no unnecessary emotion connected with similar material in the original context.

Schoenberg, however, declined all previous music and designated arbitrary statistical values to pitches producing a music sounding just as "arbitrary."

The unfinished opera "Moses and Aaron" is totally atonal, and you will find no clean separation between arias and recitatives.

It's composed in large blocks of moments. Wonderful that, the background music isn't terribly hard to follow, as Schoenberg organizes his music score to suggest the unknowable God and the furious energy of human passion. The opera is really a work of religious music, among the finest from the 20th Century.

Knowledge of Schoenberg's 12-tone work continues to be hard to get. This owing simply towards the "revolutionary character" of his system, untrue stories disseminated by some early authors concerning the system's "rules" and "exceptions" which bear "little regards to the most important options that come with Schoenberg's music", the composer's secretiveness, and also the common unavailability of his sketches and manuscripts before late seventies. Throughout his existence, he was "exposed to a variety of critique and abuse that's shocking even just in hindsight".

The highlight of "Moses and Aaron" is incorporated in the second act, inside a lengthy scene of Dances round the "Golden Calf".

Truly orgiastic music expertly composed for orchestra and chorus, by which creatures are brought as sacrifices, dance of slaughterers, virgins come to sacrifice by themselves, and also the scene drops right into a fury of rape, murder, and lust as Moses returns.

Schoenberg's extraordinary music evokes this growing fury along with a score which reminds of "Rite of Spring." Following the opera, the remains from the Israelites march off behind Aaron with Moses, apparently, damaged in spirit.

The newest character of Schoenberg's music emerges in the uneasy religiosity mix in the great opera, "Moses and Aaron", composed between 1930 and 1932. The opera is really a massive, monumental work, which not just uses the twelve-tone scale throughout, but additionally comprises a many-on the sides group of versions on one tone-row.

Schoenberg authored the libretto for his opera, which provides the composer's highly personal version reading from the conflict between Moses, together with his thought of the totally incorporeal, infinite, and something God, and Aaron, who disputes that images really a necessary method for less than perfect humans in approaching Divinity.

Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) would be a revolutionary in music along with a seeker in religion.

Like a revolutionary, Schoenberg grew to become famous and, in certain quarters, reviled for his growth and development of atonal and twelve-tone music. Like a seeker, Schoenberg was Jewish but switched to Lutheranism in 1894. He came back to his native faith in 1933, after a period of reflection, with the rise of the Nazis.

Malcom MacDonald writes in the biography (1976): "Schoenberg continued to be towards the finish of his lifetime, a seeker, both less and most an orthodox Jew. His final literary work, the current "Psalms", is amongst other things a critique of numerous facets of Judaism."





Usage rights:

You can use this article under the Creative Commons License CC-BY. This license lets you distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon my work, even commercially, as long as you credit me, by displaying the information on me given below verbatim for the original article.


Mehmet Okonsar is a pianist-composer-conductor and musicologist. Besides his international concert carrier he is a prolific writer. Founder of the first classical music-musicology dedicated blog-site: "inventor-musicae" as well as the first classical-music video portal: "classical videos".


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